MODULE – NEUROSCIENCE
Theme (Hydrocephalus)
A 35-year-old male working in a factory has progressive headache for 6 months. In the last one month, he also developed vomiting and memory impairment. Sometimes, he had incontinence of urine. He has also complaint of double vision. His pulse is 56/min, BP 150/90 mm Hg. No history of trauma, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. On fundoscopy, optic disc margins are blurred. He has imbalance on walking.
Investigation: Complete Blood Count (CBC), Urea Creatinine and Electrolyte (UCE) and Blood Sugar are normal.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- Anatomy:
- Define ventricular system.
- What are the different parts of ventricular system?
- What is the shape and anatomical location of each ventricle?
- Physiology:
- What is CSF and from where it is generated?
- Give normal ranges for following parameters of CSF:
- Amount
- Pressure
- Rate of secretion
- Give route of CSF circulation.
- How is CSF absorbed and drained.
- Biochemistry:
- Differentiate between the normal and abnormal composition of CSF.
- Pathology:
- What are the causes of hydrocephalus?
- What is the pathogenesis of communicating and obstructive hydrocephalus?
- What is normal pressure hydrocephalus and what is idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
- Pharmacology:
- How to reduce the volume of CSF by following drugs?
- Acetazolomide
- Mannitol
- Corticosteroid
- Community Health Sciences:
- Name the most common causative microorganism causing the hydrocephalus.
- How to prevent the hydrocephalus caused by the most common microoraganism?
- Radiology:
- Search scans of post fossa (cerebellar) masses causing hydrocephalus (obstructing) including primary masses and secondary deposits.
Note: Non – neoplastic space occupying lesions like Tuberculoma, Sarcoidosis, Fungal Infection, Parasitic lesions and Abscess.
Book References:
- Neuro-Anatomy by Snell
- Neurology Neurosurgery illustrated
- Robin’s Basic Pathology
- Guyton Textbook (Major)
- Ganong Review of Physiology
- Sherwood text book of Physiology
- Pathologic Basis of Disease
- Lippincott (Bio-Chemistry)
Web Based Article:
- Khan Academy
- YouTube